Basic English Grammar: Verb
Basic English Grammar: Verb
A verb refers to an action, event or state.
The verb is perhaps the most important part of the sentence. A verb or compound verb asserts something about the subject of the sentence and expresses actions, events, or states of being. The verb or compound verb is the critical element of the predicate of a sentence.
The Principal parts of Verbs
Present | Past | Past Participle | Present Participle |
Abandon | Abandoned | Abandoned | Abandoning |
Accept | Accepted | Accepted | Accepting |
Go | Went | Gone | Going |
Take | Took | Taken | Taking |
The Six Basic Verb Forms
Base Form |
Walk |
Go |
Present |
Walk/ Walks |
Go/ Goes |
Past |
Walked |
Went |
Infinitive |
To Walk |
To Go |
Present Participle |
Walking |
Going |
Past Participle |
Walked |
Gone |
Types of Verbs
Transitive Verb, Intransitive Verb, Linking Verb, Auxiliary Verb, Modal Verb, Abstract Verbs, Phrasal Verbs, Irregular Verbs
Type 1: Transitive Verb
A Transitive verb always has a noun that receives the action of the verb, called the direct object.
Example: arrest, avoid, do, enjoy, find, force, get, give, grab, hit, like, pull, report, shock, take, tell, touch, want, warn etc.,
Example: Dhivya likes a book.
Type 2: Intransitive Verb
An intransitive verb never has a direct or indirect object. Although an intransitive verb may be followed by an adverb or adverbial phrase, there is no object to receive its action.
Example: appear, come, fall, go, happen, matter, sleep, swim, wait, fly, etc.,
Example: Birds fly.
Type 3: Linking Verb
A linking verb connects a subject with its complement. These verbs are often called copular verbs or copulas.
Example: to appear, to feel, to look, to remain, to stay, to taste, to continue, to grow, to prove, to sound, to smell, to turn, etc.,
Example: Ram became a business major.
a) Subjective Complement can be “Adjective”
Example:
– Your face grows red.
– She looks tired.
– His voice sounds pretty.
b) Subjective Complement can be “Noun or Pronoun”
Example:
– She becomes a district governor.
– The robber is you.
Type 4: Modal Verb
Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that are used to express abilities, possibilities, permissions, and obligations.
Example: will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, need, ought to and dare.
Example: A new window could cost around £500.
Type 5: Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal verbs aren’t single words; instead, they are combinations of words that are used together to take on a different meaning to that of the original verb.
Example: The most common adverb particles used to form phrasal verbs are around, at, away, down, in, off, on, out, over, round, up.
Example: The book first came out in 1998.
Type 6: Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs are those that don’t take on the regular spelling patterns of simple past and past participle verbs.
Example: Present: cut – put
Past: cut – put
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