Biology Respiratory System – PDF Material for SSC & RRB Exams

1. Respiration is a catabolic process in which the respired oxygen is used in Oxidation of food resulting in the release of energy. it is Brought about by-Respiratory organs

2. Animal Respiratory Organ

a) Lungs – Reptiles like lizards’ mammals like man camel

b) Skin – Frog, Earthworm and leeches

c) Gills – Fishes, Tadpoles and prawns

d) Trachea – Insects, Centipedes and millipedes

e) Body Surface – Amoeba, Euglena, Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra

f) Air – sacs / Lungs Birds

3. The organs involved in respiration – Nostrils, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, branchioles, alveoli, cells, blood

4. The respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen is known as Aerobic respiration

5. The respiration takes place in the absence of Oxygen is known as Anaerobic respiration

6. In Aerobic respiration each glucose molecule is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid by the process is called Glycolysis

7. Anaerobic respiration found in endoparasites like roundworm

8. The two process of – a) Inspiration b) Expiration

9. Breathing rate in humans is 18-20 times per min

10. The exchange of gases i. e Oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place due to the difference in their partial pressures

11. Transportation of Oxygen takes place in our body By Haemoglobin of blood

12. Approximately which amount of water is lost through breathing every day -400 ml

13. Larynx or voice box or Adams apple produces sound. It has a small flap of cartilage called the epiglottis, which prevents the food from entering the trachea

14. Purring sound in cats is due to the vibration of False vocal cord

15. In which animal true vocal cord is absent – Hippopotamus

16. Total lung capacity is -6000 ml

17. Transport of oxygen by the blood to the heart through the pulmonary vein

18. The act of breathing is performed by expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity

19. Which part of the brain detects the amount of Co2 in the blood-Medulla oblangata

20. what is the purpose of the little hairs inside the nose is-To keep dust out of the lungs

21. what is another name of windpipe? – Trachea

22. The body structure that protects the lungs from outside harm-The rib cage

23. The trachea divides into two smaller tubes called – Bronchi

24. Inner surface of the bronchi, Bronchioles and fallopian tubes are lined by – Ciliated epithelium

25. Flat sheet of muscle separating the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity-Diaphragm

26. Moist membrane covering the lung and chest cavity wall on each side – pleura

27. The three divisions of pharynx is Nasopharynx, Oropharynx and Laryngo pharynx

28. During Inspiration the diaphragm flattens out and during expiration the diaphragm is elevated by the contraction of the abdominal muscles

29. Vital Capacity-It is the largest amount of air that we can breathe out in one expiration. It is measured by Spirometer

30. Where are the respiratory control centres located ? – Medulla and pons of the brain

31. How sound is produced in human body – Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal cords producing sound waves

32. If vocal cord tension increases what happens to your voice – Raises the pitch

33. The common passage way shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the – Pharynx

34. The auditory tubes opens into the – Nasopharynx

35. The palatine tonsils lie in the walls of the – Oropharynx

36. The largest cartilage of the larynx is – Thyroid

37. The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the – Hard palate

38. Why is the pleural fluid is important -It provides lubrication and surface tension that assists in expansion and recoil of lungs

39. The tiny air sacs in the lungs is called – alveoli

40. The tiny hairs that keep mucus and dirt out of our lungs are called – cilia

41. humans have how many lungs – two

42. The disease caused by smoking is – Emphysema

43. Actual gas exchange takes place in – Bronchi

44. When standing respiration is high or low? -Higher

45. How many lobes does the right lung contain-3 (superior, middle and inferior lobe)

46. Inflammation of Bronchial walls is called Bronchitis

47. Which is known as Black lung disease ? -Anthracosis

48. Surgical removal of the larynx is-Laryngectomy

49. Visual examination of the larynx-Laryngoscopy

50. Genetic disorder in which the lung is filled with thick mucus-Cystic Fibrosis.